Click each research project title to access a full report documenting work done in Year 3.
Objective 1: Document the cold climate varietal performance in variable climates and understand the resulting sensory characteristics of the fruit and wines.

(Vermont report)
-Sensory profile analysis: Preliminary characterization of wine aroma profiles using solid phase microextraction and simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses.
-Frontenac and Marquette Berry Skin and Pulp Characterization During Ripening
-Sensory Characterization of Frontenac and Marquette Berries and Wines by Descriptive Analysis
Objective 2: Develop and extend research-based vineyard management practices that allow sustained production of high quality fruit from cold climate cultivars.

-Vineyard Training Systems for Improving the Quality of‘Frontenac’, ‘La Crescent’ and ‘Marquette’ Grapes
-Marquette Training Trial
-Frontenac Training Trial
-Marquette Crop Load and Training System Trial for Michigan
-Influence of Crop Load on the Quality of‘Frontenac’, ‘La Crescent’ and ‘Marquette’ Grapes
-Grapevine Nutrition and Juice Quality
-Copper and Sulfur Sensitivity of Northern Grape Cultivars
Objective 3: Develop and optimize winemaking practices to sustainably produce and market distinctive, high quality wines from cold climate cultivars.
-Yeast Trials for Improved Wine Quality in Cold Climate Cultivars-Optimizing Deacidification Methods for Cold Climate Cultivars
-Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen (YAN) Optimization for Fermentation of Cold Climate Cultivars
Objective 4: Identify strategies to support sustainable development of businesses based on cold climate cultivars, from the individual winery to regional agri-tourism.
-Baseline Monitoring for the Cold Hardy Grape and Wine Industries-Policy Analysis for the Cold Hardy Grape and Wine Industries
-Brand Research for the Cold Hardy Grape and Wine Industries
-Who are the Consumers of Cold Climate Wines?
-Establishing cost of production estimates for Hybrid Grapes
Click each research project title to access a full report documenting work done in Year 2.
Objective 1: Document the cold climate varietal performance in variable climates and understand the resulting sensory characteristics of the fruit and wines.

Objective 2: Develop and extend research-based vineyard management practices that allow sustained production of high quality fruit from cold climate cultivars.
-Frontenac training trial -Marquette training trial -Vineyard training systems for improving the quality of Frontenac, La Crescent, and Marquette grapes -Effects of spacing, training, and pruning on vine performance and fruit quality of St. Croix -Nebraska training system studies -Canopy management practices to improve light interception and quality of Frontenac, La Crescent, and Marquette grapes -Influence of crop load on the quality of Frontenac, La Crescent, and Marquette grapes -Wisconsin crop load studies -Frontenac and La Crescent crop load trials -Marquette crop load and training system trial for Michigan -Grapevine nutrition -Copper and sulfur sensitivity for northern grape cultivars -Grape cultivar sensitivity to sulfur in North DakotaObjective 3: Develop and optimize winemaking practices to sustainably produce and market distinctive, high quality wines from cold climate cultivars.
-Yeast trials for cold-hardy wines -Optimizing deacidification methods for cold climate grape cultivars -Enhancement of red wine structure and mouthfeel through the addition of enological tannins
Objective 4: Identify strategies to support sustainable development of businesses based on cold climate cultivars, from the individual winery to regional agri-tourism.
-Baseline monitoring for cold hardy grape and wine industries -Brand research for cold hardy wines -Policy analysis for the wine industry in the US and in the Northern Grapes Project states specifically -The tasting room experience and winery customer satisfaction -Wine consumer market surveys: 15 Michigan tasting room visitor survey and 6 state random household survey -Winery collaboration: Survey of wineries and non-winery tourism businesses in 25 emerging wine regions.